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英语代词详解

【来源:易教网 更新时间:2013-07-15

定义 代词(pronoun)是代替名词的词:

代词在句子中的功用  a)和名词一样,可作主语、宾语和表语。b)有些代词和形容词一样,可作定语。如:  a) I am reading The Arabian Nights.我在读《天方夜谭》。(作主语) This is John Smith speaking.(打电话用语)我是约翰·史密斯。(作主语) Can I help you?我能帮你的忙吗?(作宾语) That's all.我的话完了。(作表语)  b)His father is an eye-doctor.他父亲是个眼科医生。(作定语) All men are equal.所有的人都是平等的。(作定语) 3)格的变化 有些代词有格的变化,如 I 我(主格),me我(宾格),Who谁(主格),whom谁(宾格)。某些代词有所有格,如whose谁的,other's别人的,somebody's某人的,one's一个人的。  4)单复数形式 有些代词有单数和复数形式。少数代词的复数形式和名词的复数形式的变化规则相同,如one-ones,other-others。其他如人称代词、物主代词、自身代词和指示代词等,其复数形式与此不同,须个别记忆。  5)有或没有冠词 代词之前一般不用冠词,只有少数例外。如:the other,the others,a few,a little等。 

 种类  英语有下列几种代词:  1)人称代词(personal pronoun)  a)主格:I,he,she,it,we,you,they. b)宾格:me,him,her,it,us,you,them. 2)物主代词(possessive pronoun):  a)形容词性物主代词:my,his,her,its;our,your,their.  b)名词性物主代词:mine,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs. 3)自身代词(self-pronoun):myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneself.  4)相互代词(reciprocal pronoun):each other,one another. 5)指示代词(demonstrative pronoun):this,that,these,those,such,same.  6)疑问代词(interrogative pronoun):who,whom,whose,which,what. 7)关系代词(relative pronoun):who,whom,whose,which,that. 8)不定代词(indefinite pronoun):some,something,somebody,someone,any,anything,anybody,anyone,no,nothing,nobody,no one,every,everything,everybody,everyone,each,much,many,little,a little,few,a few,other,another,all,none,one,both,either,neither. 

人称代词概说 表示"我',、"你"、"他"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"等的词,叫做人称代词。 人称代词的用法  1)人称代词主格的用法 a)作主语  I am a cook.(炊事员) We are cooks,  You are a teacher.(教师) You are teachers. He is a barber.(理发员) The yare barbers. She is a nurse.(护士)The yare nurses. It is a cart.(大车) They are carts. b)作表语  It's I .是我。 Oh,it's you. 噢,是你。  [注一]第一人称单数人称代词I (我)永远要大写。(见上面例句)  [注二]口语习惯上不说it's I (he, she等),而说It's me (him,her等)。  2)人称代词宾格的用法 a)作及物动词的宾语  The dog bit him.那只狗咬了他。  Our P. T. teacher taught us to swim yesterday.我们的体育老师昨天教我们游泳。  This is my new hat. Do you like it ?这是我的新帽子,你喜欢吗? b)作介词的宾语  My brother often writes tome.我弟弟常给我写信。 They took good care of us.他们无微不至地照料我们。 3)人称代词的其他用法 各人称代词除按照自身的人称、数和格使用外,还有下列一些特殊用法:  a)报刊的编辑和文章的作者,在发表观点时,常用we代替I (同样用our代替my)。如:  We believe that China will make still greater progress in shipbuilding.我们相信中国的造船业将会有更大的发展。  In our opinion this is the best film of the year.我们认为这是今年最好的影片。  b)用she来代替国家、城市、船舶、飞机以及动物等,以表示亲切和爱抚。如:  That's the picture of the Dongfeng; she is a 10,000 - ton class ocean - going freighter.那是万吨远洋货轮东风号的照片。  The dog waved his tail when he saw his master.那狗看见主人就摇尾巴。  c)北有时可用来代替小孩(child)和婴儿(baby)。如:  In those days the poor people had a hard time.在那些日子里,穷人生活很苦。  2)有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物,this和these则指下面将要讲到的事物。如:  I had a bad cold. That's why I didn't come.我伤风很厉害,所以我没有来。  Those two statements are not true.那两种说法是不真实的。  What I want to say is this:Pronunciation is very important in learning English.我所要说的是:语音在英语学习中非常重要。  chairman Mao honoured Lin Hulan with these words:"A great life A glorious death"毛主席用下面的话表彰刘胡兰:"生的伟大,死的光荣。"  3)有时为了避免重复提到过的名词,常可用that或those代替。如: The climate of shenyang is just as good as that of Beijing. 沈阳的气候跟北京的一样好。(that代替climate)  The county's grain output of 1981 was double that of 1970.这个县1987年的粮食产量比1980年增加一倍。(that代替grain output)  Television sets made in Nanjing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.南京出产的电视机和上海的一样好。(those代替television sets)  4)This和that有时作状语用,表示"程度",意谓"这么"和"那么"。如: The book is about this thick.那本书大约有这么厚。 I don't want that much.我不要那么多。  It指人时亦用作指示代词。指示代词it在汉语中不必译出。 如:  Who is it?――it's me.是谁?--是我。  Oh, it's you,Lao Wang.哦,是你呀,老王。

  Such和same也是指示代词,其单、复数的形式相同。它们在句中可用作: 1)定语  The foreign Visitors said they had never seen such a beautiful city before.外宾说他们从来没有看过这样美丽的城市。  We are not talking about the same thing.我们谈的不是一回事。 [注] such作定语时,它所修饰的名词之前如有不定冠词,这个不定冠词应放在Such之后,如上面第一例。  2)相当于名词,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等成分。 Such were his words.这就是他讲的话。(作主语)  The same can be said of the Other article.另一篇文章也是同样情况。(作主语)  Take from the drawer such as you need.你需要什么,就从抽屉里拿吧。(作宾语)  His name and mine are the same.他和我同名。(作表语)  [注]注意在same之前一般须用定冠词the。 疑问代词概说  "疑问代词有who(谁,主格),whom(谁,宾格),whose(谁的,所有格),what(什么)和which(哪个,哪些)等。  疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中  疑问代词一般都放在句首,并在句中作为某一句子成分。如:  Who is going to speak to us tomorrow?明天谁来跟我们讲话?(who作主语)  Who told you so?是谁告诉你的?(who作主语)  Whom are you talking about ?你们在说谁?(whom作宾语,但在句首时口语常用who代替whom)  Whose umbrella is this ?这是谁的伞?(whose作定语) What is that? 那是什么?(what作表语) What did he say?他说什么?(what作宾语)  Which is yours,the blue pen or the redone?蓝笔和红笔哪一支是你的?(which作主语)  [注一]关于疑问代词的各种用法,可参看77.70-77.72。  [注二]疑问代词who,what,which等后面加单词ever,可强调语气,表达说话人的各种感情。如:  What ever do you want?你到底想要什么?  Who ever is she looking for ?她究竟是在找谁?  [注三]which表示在一定范围之内的选择,what则没有这种限制。如: What do you usually have for lunch?你们午饭通常吃些什么? Which do you like best?你最喜欢哪一个?  Which of you comrades come from the Northeast? 你们同志们中间谁是东北人?  疑问代词可以引导一个间接疑问句  间接疑问句在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语等。疑问代词本身在间接疑问句中又担任一定的句子成分。如:  Who will be in charge of the work is still not decided.谁将负责这项工作,现在还没有决定。(疑问代词who引导一个主语从句,它本身又在从句中用作主语。)  Do you know what his name is?你知道他叫什么名字吗?(疑问代词what引导一个宾语从句,而它本身又在从句中用作表语。)  [注一] what所引导的名词性从句(即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句) 有时不是间接疑问句。如:  What he says is quite true.他所讲的话很对。(what相当于that which。它引导一个主语从句,这个从句不是间接疑问句。)  Children do what the nurse tells them to do.保育员让孩子干什么他 英语语法手册    第19页  们就做什么。(what引导一个宾语从句,这个从句也不是间接疑问句。)  [注二] whatever,whoever,whichever等词可引导名词性从句。这些名词性从句也不是间接疑问句。whatever,whoever,whichever也可引导表示让步的状语从句。见15.65和15.72)如:  They eat whatever they can find.他们找到什么就吃什么。(whatever引导一个宾语从句,并在从句中作宾语。)  I've got plenty of books 1eft.Whoever wants an extra copy can get one from me.我还剩下许多书,谁还想再要一本可来拿。(whoever引导一个主语从句,并在从句中作主语。)  关系代词  两种可用来引导从句并将从句和主句连接起来的代词  这样的代词一方面在从句中用作句子成分,可作主语、宾语、定语等;另一方面又起连词的作用。这样的代词有关系代词和疑问代词两种。(关于疑问代词,见4.18) 

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